Re: Inking in Aplysia
June 26, 2002
From: Dr.Stephen R Hoskins
Dear Bill,
Concerning my message about inking in Aplysia, here is a reference I have just found.
• Nolen, T.G. & Johnson, P.M. (2001) Defensive inking in Aplysia spp: Multiple episodes of ink secretion and the adaptive use of a limited chemical resource The Journal of Experimental Biology, 204: 1257–1268
Stephen.
SRH@4TheNet.co.uk
Hoskins, S.R., 2002 (Jun 26) Re: Inking in Aplysia. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/7369Thanks Stephen,
I had a look at this paper. It recounts some pretty horrifying lab experiments where the Sea Hares are suspended on hooks and 'stimulated' in various ways to show that inking is not necessarily an all or nothing event - that is the ink gland is not always completely emptied each time. This they suggest means the Sea Hare is not completely defenseless if 'attacked' before it can replenish its ink supplies. The authors refer to earlier work they have done suggesting that the ink is a defence against lobster and large sea anemone attack. I will have to check these references out, but what puzzles me is whether lobsters and sea anemones can be considered important predators or even potential important predators of sea hares. I am still to be convinced that inking is a real defence behaviour in Sea Hares and not just a form of incontinence brought about by extreme stress.
Cheers,
Bill Rudman
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